Assessing the Effects of Natural Resource Extraction on Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa: A STIRPAT Model Approach

This study examines the impact of natural resource extraction, population, affluence, and trade openness on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions energy consumption in 17 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries from 1971 to 2019, using stochastic impacts technology (STIRPAT) model. The Westerlund Kao cointegration tests were employed determine long-run relationships among variables. Pooled mean group autoregressive distributed lag (PMG-ARDL), panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dimension group-mean dynamic (DOLS) techniques used assess multipliers. findings reveal that income have a significant positive CO2 over an extended period SSA countries. Findings suggest increase 1% (affluence), long run, will result rise by 0.06% 0.90% 0.05% 0.36% sampled Conversely, demonstrates negative effect emissions. finding suggests increment lead reduction 0.10% 0.27% emission decrease 0.09% period. recommends policymakers enforce stringent ecofriendly regulations, promote adoption green technologies energy-saving sources, reduce tariffs commodities enhance sustainable development region.